The Analysis of Transformational Leadership Behaviors and Their Relation with Organizational Commitment

This study aims to analyze transformational leadership behaviors relation with organizational commitment in high school managers and teachers in Istanbul, Turkey. The effect of transformational leadership on organizational commitment was investigated in the study. In this context, some research questions were created and a literature review was performed. Some specific hypothesis statement was developed, tested, and finalized. Quantitative research design was applied in this research with cross-sectional time frame. Convenience sampling method was used in the study. Data was obtained from 135 participants. The population of the study comprised teachers, principals, study program coordinators, managers, administrators and other staff from nine public high schools in Istanbul, Turkey. A structured self-completed quantitative research survey was conducted in this study which was distributed to the participants of the study and collected in two months. The main research instrument for data collection in this study was a survey with five descriptive and 11 inferential statistics questions. In this research, quantitative survey was the main instrument for primary data collection which was designed in a “5” and “7” point Likert’s scale. The data was analyzed with SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version questions and a hypothesis were developed for the study which were tested with Chi square, correlations, and t-test. Null hypothesis (H0) was rejected (p<0.05) and so, the study found that transformational leadership of high school managers is significantly related to affective commitment of high school teachers in Istanbul. in the as well. Global developments have caused a development of new leadership styles in accord with the existed situation. As a result, theoretical and practical leadership studies increase from day to day (Eren, 1998). Many people among the ones who deal with the fie leadership theory and its applications suggest the leadership model which inspires today’s management and its


INTRODUCTION
The concepts of leadership and organizational commitment are among the most important and prominent topics management area, especially by the increase of number of studies in recent years.Human is the most important factor for all of organizations and people have an obligation to get organized to fulfill their needs and achieve their goals

Abstract
This study aims to analyze transformational leadership behaviors relation with organizational commitment in high school managers and teachers in Istanbul, Turkey.The effect of transformational leadership on organizational commitment was investigated in the study.In this context, some research questions were created and a literature review was performed.Some specific hypothesis statement was developed, tested, and finalized.Quantitative research design was applied in this research with cross-sectional time frame.Convenience sampling method was used in the study.Data was obtained from 135 participants.The population of the study comprised teachers, principals, study program coordinators, managers, administrators and other staff from nine public high schools in Istanbul, Turkey.A structured self-completed quantitative research survey was conducted in this study which was distributed to the participants of the study and collected in two months.The main research instrument for data collection in this study was a survey with five descriptive and 11 inferential statistics questions.In this research, quantitative survey was the main instrument for primary data collection which was designed in a "5" and "7" -point Likert's scale.The data was analyzed with SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version questions and a hypothesis were developed for the study which were tested with Chi square, correlations, and t-test.Null hypothesis (H0) was rejected (p<0.05) and so, the study found that transformational leadership of high school managers is significantly related to affective commitment of high school teachers in Istanbul.
The concepts of leadership and organizational commitment are among the most important and prominent topics in the management area, especially by the increase of number of studies in recent years.Human is the most important factor for all of organizations and people have an obligation to get organized to fulfill their needs and achieve their goals as well.Global developments have caused a development of new leadership styles in accord with the existed situation.As a result, theoretical and practical leadership studies increase from day to day (Eren, 1998).Many people among the ones who deal with the fie leadership theory and its applications suggest the leadership model which inspires today's management

The Analysis of Transformational Leadership Behaviors and Their Relation with
This study aims to analyze transformational leadership behaviors and its relation with organizational commitment in high school managers and teachers in Istanbul, Turkey.The effect of transformational leadership on organizational commitment was investigated in the study.In this context, eated and a literature review was performed.Some specific hypothesis statement was developed, tested, and finalized.Quantitative research design was applied in this research sectional time frame.Convenience sampling method was used dy.Data was obtained from 135 participants.The population of the study comprised teachers, principals, study program coordinators, managers, administrators and other staff from nine public high schools in ntitative research survey was conducted in this study which was distributed to the participants of the study and collected in two months.The main research instrument for data collection in this study was a survey with five descriptive and 11 tatistics questions.In this research, quantitative survey was the main instrument for primary data collection which was designed in a point Likert's scale.The data was analyzed with SPSS 20.The research questions and a hypothesis were developed for the study which were test.Null hypothesis (H0) was rejected (p<0.05) and so, the study found that transformational leadership rs is significantly related to affective commitment .Global developments have caused a development of new leadership styles in accord with the existed situation.As a result, theoretical and practical leadership studies increase from day to day (Eren, 1998).Many people among the ones who deal with the field of leadership theory and its applications suggest the leadership model which inspires today's management employees and provides them radical changes.The transformational leadership approach refers that leaders need to act in some certain behaviors in realizing the complex applications of the organizational structure.It is definitely difficult to express leaders' attitudes and behaviors with a few of dimensions for which they are supposed to act in different situations.There is the need of many factors to create a new vision to struggle with such an environment full of threats which is forming the general framework of globalization.Transformational leadership deals with leaders' performance and success more than their personal characteristics and employees' reactions (Iscan, 2002).Environmental change, uncertainty, and chaos make today's business managers faced with unresolved issues.Structural changes in economic and political system, and technological improvements make it difficult for managements to adapt these changes with existing methods and implementations, or even make it impossible.Transformational management is an effective way for activating and restructuring the organization in response to radical changes of external environment.Transformational management in management area is related to the top management.Consequently, there is a need of top managers in supporting radical changes to prepare necessary organizational conditions and manage these conditions effectively.However, the commitment of top managers to the past might cause the management to lose its flexibility by remaining unresponsive to the changing conditions (Tichy, 1996).Organizational commitment is the adaptation of commitment sense to the worker as the result of performed activities to keep maintenance of the organization.The worker who internalizes feeling of organizational commitment gets satisfied of his/her work.He/she also conforms to the organization (Bayram, 2005).Organizational commitment has a psychological dimension and it is formed through dealing with the relation between workers and organizations.An individual decides to stay or not in his/her organization as the result of the formation (Allen & Meyer, 1996).Even though organizational commitment which is among attitudes of employees is a prominent issue, especially after 1970s, there is not a consensus for the description of it.There are various kinds of definitions of organizational commitment in literature.For instance, Morrow said that there are around 30 different definitions about organizational commitment in literature (Col, 2004).Employee commitment has been among the remarkable topics for both researchers and managers since 1960s (Sulliman& Iles, 2000).The concept of organizational commitment has got popularity over the past two decades in the industrial and organizational psychology literature.Some of the studies demonstrated that occupational commitment would increase performance while it decreases absenteeism and quitting the job.The commitment is mentioned with concepts such as career, norms, identification, moral values, occupation, job description, security and other related variables.The concept of organizational commitment has become the focus point of many empirical studies (Tayyah& Tariq, 2001).Employees with commitment work hard, keep staying in the organization and contribute to the development of the organization in the theory.Mowday et al. claim that commitment is more than a passive loyalty to the organization and it has an active relation between the organization and individuals who make great efforts to increase the reputation of the organization (Slocombe& Dougherty, 1998).Organizations which have employees with a higher level of commitment are more efficient.Because, employees with strong commitment have a lower level of possibility of negative behaviors such as absenteeism, being late to work, and quitting the job as a comparison to employees with a lower level of commitment.Individuals who internalize organizational goals and make an over effort to achieve them increase the competitive power of the organization.Moreover, employees with high commitment help to increase reputation of their organizations.This, therefore, helps to take attention of qualified employees (Angle & Perry, 1981;Cengiz, 2000).

Research Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze transformational leadership behaviors and their relation with organizational commitment in high school managers and teachers in Istanbul, Turkey.The primary research questions of the study are as follows: a. Does transformational leadership have the effect on affective commitment?b.What is the relationship between transformational leadership and affective commitment?
Furthermore, the hypotheses of the research are developed as follows: H 0 : Transformational leadership of high school managers is not significantly related to affective commitment of high school teachers in Istanbul.H 1 : Transformational leadership of high school managers is significantly related to affective commitment of high school teachers in Istanbul.

Instruments
A demographic survey was created and two data collection instruments were applied for the study.The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Rater Form (5x-Short) was used to assess transformational leadership of managers as how teachers perceive them (Avolio & Bass, 2004) while the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire was used to measure affective commitment of teachers (Meyer, Allen & Smith, 1993).The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) Rater Form (5x-Short) is one of the measuring instruments for the study to assess transformational leadership of managers through the perception of teachers.The MLQ Form 5 Rater is developed by Bass & Avolio (2004).The questionnaire (Cronbach`s alpha=0.95) was adapted in Turkish language by Cemaloglu (2007).The MLQ was first developed in 1985 (Saglam, 2008).

Sampling and Procedures
The purpose of this study was to analyze transformational leadership behaviors and their relation with organizational commitment in high school managers and teachers.The data for the study was gathered from a total of 135 respondents.In this research, both primary data and secondary data were used.And quantitative research design was applied in this research.The research was conducted in a cross sectional time frame.Convenience sampling method was used in the study.The main instrument for data collection was a survey and descriptive statistics questions were also applied.Data was analyzed with SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.

Demographic Results
The target population of this study was high school managers and teachers in Istanbul, Turkey.Questionnaires were randomly distributed to 9 government high schools in Istanbul and a total of 135 surveys were collected among staves of these schools.The figure for gender of respondents is presented as follows:  the study to assess transformational leadership of managers the perception of teachers.The MLQ Form 5-X Rater is developed by Bass & Avolio (2004).The questionnaire (Cronbach`s alpha=0.95) was adapted in Turkish language by Cemaloglu (2007).The MLQ was The purpose of this study was to analyze transformational leadership behaviors and their relation with organizational commitment in high school managers and teachers.The data for the study was gathered from a total of 135 esearch, both primary data and secondary data were used.And quantitative research design was applied in this research.The research was conducted in a crosssectional time frame.Convenience sampling method was ata collection was a survey and descriptive statistics questions were also applied.Data was analyzed with SPSS (Statistical Package The target population of this study was high school managers and teachers in Istanbul, Turkey.Questionnaires were randomly distributed to 9 government high schools in Istanbul and a total of 135 surveys were collected among staves of these schools.A strong evidence found that (p=0.000)transformational leadership of high school managers is related to affective commitment of high school teachers in Istanbul.
The study conducted by Yilmaz & Cokluk (2010) which investigates the relationship between teachers' organizational commitment and school administrators' leadership behavior found a moderate positive relationship between the teachers' perceptions about organizational commitment and supportive leadership behavior of school administrators which is in line with the results of this study.The results of the study agree with the findings of Farahani, Taghadosi & Behboudi (2011) where they found that the relationship between transformational leadership style and organizational commitment is positive and significant in line with this research.The findings of Batool (2013) also agree with the results of this study in which it is found that the relationship between transformational leadership style and organizational commitment is positive and significant.Another study is conducted by Bushra et al. (2011) which agrees with the results of the current study.The findings of their study conclude that transformational leadership positively affects job satisfaction and organizational commitment of employees.

Southeast
Europe Journal of Soft Computing Available online: http://scjournal.ius.edu.baVOL6 NO.1 March 2017 -ISSN 2233 -1859 The Analysis of Transformational Leadership Behaviors and Their Relation with Organizational Commitment Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, HrasnickaCesta 15, Ilidža 71210 Sarajevo,

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Percentage of Participants with Respect to Gender (N=135)This figure represents the percentage of participants with respect to their gender.23 of the participants from selected high schools are female while 112 of them are male which means 17% of the participants are female and 83% of them are male.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Age Ranges of Participants This figure represents age ranges of participants.14 of them are between 18-29 years old, 55 of them are between

Table 1 .
The figure for gender of Respondents' Gender Breakdown

Table 3 .
Professional Position of Survey Respondents

Table 4 .
Educational Level of Participants

Table 5 .
Working Experience at the Current Organization

Table 6 .
Chi-Square Frequencies Output The collected data which was gathered through questionnaire was analyzed by using SPSS software program and it was interpreted through Chi square, correlations and t-test.The summary of the analysis results is as follows: i.It is suggested that the null hypothesis, H0 (transformational leadership of high school managers is not significantly related to affective commitment of high school teachers in Istanbul), can be rejected in favor of the alternate hypothesis, H1 (transformational leadership of high school managers is significantly related to affective commitment of high school teachers in Istanbul) because the significance value (0.000) is less than the usual threshold value of 0.05 according to the chi square frequencies output.
*df (Degree of Freedom) represents the number of transformational leadership and organizational commitment items.